International Risk and Export Performance: Organizational Implications for Moroccan Exporting SMEs.

Abstract

In an increasingly uncertain global environment, fostering a favorable business climate remains essential, but not sufficient, for improving the export performance of firms. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), in particular, face heightened challenges in managing international risks due to their limited resources and capabilities. This exploratory study investigates the relationship between international risks, export capabilities, and export performance among Moroccan exporting firms, with a focus on SMEs, micro-, and very small enterprises. A quantitative approach is adopted, using a structured questionnaire administered to a sample of 51 Moroccan exporters. Initially distributed in 2022, the survey process was temporarily interrupted, after which the questionnaire was revised and re-administered from late March to mid-June 2025. International risks were assessed using the average score of severity of each risk. Results show that logistics risks, quality risks, and payment risks are rated as the most critical threats to international activity. Structural equation modeling via PLS-SEM is used to examine hypothesis. Findings indicate that international risks have a significant negative effect on export performance, particularly among the sub-group of smaller firms. International capabilities exert a significant positive influence on export performance, yet no significant moderating effect was found on the risk–performance relationship. Although the small sample size limits the generalizability of the findings, the study offers useful insights and practical recommendations.